运动性疲劳的生物力学评价及其与损伤关系研究进展
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1.上海体育学院;2.上海体育学院 运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室;3.上海体育学院 运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室,上海

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国家自然科学基金资助项目(11772201, 11572202,11302131);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFF0300500);上海市人才发展基金资助计划(2018107)


Research advancements in the biomechanical evaluation of exercise-induced fatigue and its relationship with sport injuries
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1.Shanghai Uviversity of Sport;2.Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport;3.Shanghai University of Sport

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    摘要:

    综述国内外有关运动性疲劳的研究文献,对运动性疲劳诱导方案、下肢生物力学特征及其与损伤关系进行总结。现阶段,实验室条件下诱导运动性疲劳主要可分为传统型疲劳方案和功能型疲劳方案两种,传统型疲劳方案的模型主要有功率自行车、跑台及台阶实验模型等;功能型疲劳方案更贴近运动实际或比赛中所发生的情况,通常表现为多运动平面相结合的运动形式。此外,对运动性疲劳的生物力学评价主要从运动学、地面反作用力、关节力矩、肌电图指标等方面展开,不同疲劳方案会对研究结果产生影响。未来的研究中需要考虑将疲劳诱导方案和评价指标进行标准化,以便将不同疲劳方案的诱导效果进行比较,为疲劳方案选择提供参考;同时,针对具体动作结构特征,以运动生物力学评价手段为依托,更多地关注不同疲劳方案诱导后大脑-神经活化反馈及肌肉-骨骼激活效应的内在联系,理解不同疲劳方案间的生物力学机制差异,更深层次地探讨疲劳对运动损伤的影响。

    Abstract:

    This paper reviewed the research progress in fatigue protocols and biomechanics of drop landing and its relationship with injury induced by exercise-induced fatigue. At present, fatigue protocols can be divided into traditional fatigue-induced protocol and functional fatigue-induced protocol under laboratory condition. The former mainly includes power-cycling model, treadmill run model and step-ups model; the latter is closer to what is experienced during competition, which is usually shown as multidirectional movements. In addition, the biomechanical measures of exercise-induced fatigue mainly included kinematics, ground reaction force, joint mechanics, and electromyography. Different fatigue protocols did not uniformly produce alterations in lower limb biomechanical factors. Future studies need to consider the refinement of fatigue protocols and specific indicators in order to make a comparison of the induced effects of fatigue protocols and provide a reference for the selection of fatigue protocols in laboratory tests. Meanwhile, Clarifying the relationship between the response of brain-nerve system and the activation of musculoskeletal system in athletic tasks so as to provide a theoretical basis for the neuromuscular prevention training programs and reduce the incidence of sports injuries.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-10
  • 最后修改日期:2019-01-19
  • 录用日期:2019-01-28
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