关节软骨力学特征的研究进展
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上海体育学院

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


Research progress of mechanical characteristics of articular cartilage
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Shanghai University of Sport

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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)

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    摘要:

    骨关节炎(osteoarthritis OA)是一种以关节疼痛和僵硬为特征的慢性退行性关节疾患,好发于老年人群。OA发病缓慢,病程较长,早期临床表现和组织学改变均不明显,限制了疾病的早期诊断与治疗。研究证明关节软骨微观结构决定了软骨宏观力学特性。软骨微观结构具有区域差异性,导致软骨的力学性能也具有区域依赖性,从软骨浅表区到深区软骨抗负荷、抗形变能力逐渐增加。然而,在OA病程发展过程中,软骨的微观构成改变导致OA软骨抗负荷、抗形变能力降低。通过检测关节软骨的微观构成可以推测软骨的力学特性,反之检测软骨的力学指标可以了解软骨早期的微观改变,从而有助于了解OA的病程发展,便于疾病的早期诊断。本文综述近年来关节软骨在正常和急慢性损伤状态下力学性能的相关研究文献,阐述软骨结构与力学性能之间的关系,为OA的病程发展,早期诊断与治疗提供进一步理论依据。

    Abstract:

    Osteoarthritis OA (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain and stiffness, which predisposes to the elderly. The onset of OA is slow, the course of disease is long, and the early clinical manifestations and histological changes are not obvious, which limits the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It has been proved that the micro-structure of articular cartilage determines the macro-mechanical properties of cartilage. The micro-structure of articular cartilage change in a depth-dependent manner, which leads to the depth dependence of the mechanical properties of cartilage. From superficial to deep areas of cartilage, the anti-load and anti-deformation ability of cartilage increases gradually. However, during the development of OA, the change of cartilage micro-structure leads to the decrease of load resistance and deformation resistance of OA cartilage. Therefore, the mechanical properties of articular cartilage can be inferred by detecting the micro-structure of articular cartilage. On the contrary, the mechanical properties of articular cartilage can be used to understand the Micro-changes of cartilage, which is helpful to understand the development of OA and facilitate the early diagnosis of disease. This paper reviews the recent research literature on the mechanical properties of articular cartilage under normal and acute and chronic injuries, and elaborates the relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of articular cartilage, which provides further theoretical basis for the development of OA, early diagnosis and treatment.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-15
  • 最后修改日期:2019-08-18
  • 录用日期:2019-09-11
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