半蹲式跳伞着陆时最佳负重重心位置的研究
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1.北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院;2.重庆大学生物工程学院

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Evaluation of gravity centre position of backpack in half-squat parachuting landing
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    摘要:

    目的:通过跳伞着陆模拟实验分析负重重心位置对下肢关节运动的影响,进行损伤评估。方法:招募7名受试者进行负重跳伞着陆模拟实验,负重重心位置分别为背部下侧(位置1)、背部上侧(位置2)、腹部(位置3)。结果:负重重心在位置2处的垂直地面反作用力峰值(14.77±1.63 bodyweight(BW))显著小于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置1处(15.97±1.64BW);负重重心在位置2处髋关节矢状面关节力矩(2.12±0.58BW)显著大于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置1处(1.67±0.50BW)和位置3处(1.63±0.37BW);负重重心在位置2处髋关节吸收能量(1.75±0.58BW)显著大于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置1处(1.40±0.49BW);负重重心在位置2处髋关节矢状面角位移(68.98±12.00deg)显著大于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置1处(60.11±8.24deg),显著小于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置3处(78.56±10.93deg);负重重心在位置2处髋关节矢状面角速度(509.58±63.33deg/s)显著小于(P<0.05)负重重心在位置3处(673.05±33.13deg/s)。结论:不同的负重重心位置能够显著影响髋关节的动力学参数和运动学参数,负重重心在背部上侧处能够降低下肢损伤风险。研究结果可以为跳伞者背包负重重心位置评估、减少跳伞着陆损伤提供依据。

    Abstract:

    Objective: To study effects of backpack gravity centre position on kinetics and kinematics of lower-extremity joints in parachuting landing and evaluate injuries. Methods: Seven participants performed parachuting landing with backpack gravity centre on three positions: low-back (position 1), upper-back (position 2) and abdomen (position 3). Results: The peak vertical ground reaction force with backpack on position 2 (14.77±1.63 bodyweight (BW)) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that on position 1 (15.97±1.64BW). The joint moment on sagittal plane of hip with backpack on position 2 (2.12±0.58BW) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that on position 1 (1.67±0.50BW) and position 3 (1.63±0.37BW). The joint energy absorption of hip with backpack on position 2 (1.75±0.58BW) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that on position 1 (1.40±0.49BW). The angular displacement of hip on sagittal plane with backpack on position 2 (68.98±12.00deg) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that on position 1 (60.11±8.24deg) and was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that position 3 (78.56±10.93deg). The angular velocity of hip on sagittal plane with backpack on position 2 (509.58±63.33deg/s) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that on position 3 (673.05±33.13deg/s).Conclusions: Different positions of backpack gravity centre could significantly influence kinetics and kinematics of hip. Backpack gravity centre on upper-back position could decrease lower-extremity injuries. The results could provide evidences for evaluating backpack gravity centre and decreasing injuries in parachuting landing.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-01
  • 最后修改日期:2021-01-29
  • 录用日期:2021-02-03
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