Objective: To explore the characteristics of knee joint position sense and kinesthesia of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) patients before surgery undergoing unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Twenty-nine single-compartment knee osteoarthritis patients in the orthopaedic department of Jishuitan Hospital were selected. 15 patients were treated with UKA treatment and 14 patients will be treated with TKA treatment. The test was performed 1 to 3 days before the operation, and the KSS scores (KSS) of the two groups of patients were compared, and the characteristics of joint position sense and kinesthesia of the two groups of patients and 10 healthy controls were compared. Results: Results: The KSS evaluation results showed that the clinical performance of the TKA group was significantly worse than that of the UKA group (p=0.03); the joint position sense test results showed that the surgical leg of the UKA group and the TKA group had no differences compared with the control group. Compared with the control group, the unoperated side leg had a significant difference at 60° (p=0.01, p=0.02); the kinesthesia test results showed that the operation side leg of the UKA group and the TKA group had obvious defects ( p<0.01, p=0.01). Compared with the control group, the unoperated unaffected leg was also significantly reduced (p<0.01, p<0.01); there was no difference in position sense and kinesthesia between the UKA group and the TKA group. Conclusions: Compared with healthy controls, the proprioception of the knee joint in KOA patients was significantly reduced before surgery, but the characteristics of proprioception in the UKA group and the TKA group were similar.