Hydrogels possess good biocompatibility and mechanical properties similar to those of natural biological tissuessimilar mechanical properties to natural biological tissues，and have been widely used in biomedical fields. With the development of biomechanics，more and more researchers have found that the viscoelastic tunable composite hydrogels constructed based on dynamic covalent bonds ，with its superior biomechanical properties and stimulus responsiveness，can better simulate the viscoelastic mechanical properties of biological tissues and natural extracellular matrix (extracellular matrix， ECM) over time due to their superior biomechanical properties and stimulus responsiveness. This paper summarizes in detail the applications of viscoelastic tunable composite hydrogels constructed based on different types of dynamic covalent bonds (such as imide bonds，disulfide bonds，borate ester bonds，etc.) in the fields of regulating cell function，affecting tissue regeneration and repair，as well asand drug delivery，and presents the challenges and opportunities for future research.