Human vision is fundamentally rooted in optics, and it is a biological system that perceives and responds to optical imaging. Recent studies have shown that mechanics, by regulating ocular structure and material properties, can also directly influence optical image quality and is therefore one of the key physical determinants of visual function. However, the eye is inherently a biological tissue and a living structure with active feedback capacity. The optical and mechanical processes it undergoes are not purely physical phenomena but are accompanied by multi-level biological responses at the organ, tissue, and even cellular scales. Built on coupling among optics, mechanics, and biological reactions, this study proposes an optics-mechanics-biology (OMB) coupling framework, in which optical stimuli, mechanical responses, and tissue-level biological processes form a multiscale closed-loop feedback system that produces the final functional outcome. Representative diseases such as keratoconus and glaucoma exemplify the role of this OMB coupling during disease development and progression. The OMB framework is expected to offer new perspectives for elucidating the onset and evolution of ocular diseases, enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy, and promoting basic research and precision intervention strategies.