Articular cartilage injury caused by osteoarthritis is difficult to achieve long-term functional regeneration with current clinical treatments due to its limited self-repair capacity. 3D-printed biomimetic scaffolds provide an effective approach for cartilage tissue engineering repair. However, the synergistic optimization of key parameters such as printing angle, filament diameter, and pore gap remains a critical challenge. Previous studies have confirmed that 10% compressive strain is the optimal loading condition for in vitro chondrocyte proliferation, making it essential to optimize the scaffold structure to adapt to this optimal strain for enhancing cartilage repair efficiency. In this study, using printing angle (30°, 45°, 90°), filament diameter (1?mm, 1.5?mm, 2?mm), and gap (0.3?mm, 0.5?mm, 0.7?mm) as core variables, 15 different types of 3D-printed biomimetic cartilage scaffold models were designed and constructed. Finite element simulation was employed to systematically analyze the strain distribution patterns of scaffolds with different structures under 5%–16% compressive strain, with a focus on identifying the scaffold structural parameter combinations that best adapt to the 10% optimal strain for cell proliferation. The results show that the mechanical response of the scaffolds exhibits a significant "angle-size" adaptation effect. Under 10% macroscopic compressive strain, for 30° and 45° scaffolds, the combination of a filament diameter of 2?mm and a gap of 0.3?mm yields the highest proportion of scaffold internal strain falling within the optimal proliferation interval (10%), approximately 9.994% and 9.379%, respectively. For 90° scaffolds, the optimal combination is a filament diameter of 1.5?mm and a gap of 0.7?mm, with an optimal strain interval proportion of approximately 5.502%. Under identical structural parameters, the optimal strain proportion of 30° scaffolds is consistently and significantly higher than that of 45° and 90° scaffolds. The comprehensively optimized parameter combination is determined as a printing angle of 30°, a filament diameter of 2?mm, and a gap of 0.3?mm. This combination maximizes the strain distribution conducive to cell proliferation under 10% macroscopic compression. This study elucidates the mechanism by which multiple parameters synergistically regulate the mechanical microenvironment of scaffolds, establishes a quantitative relationship between printing parameters and strain distribution, and provides theoretical basis and key technical support for the precise design of biomimetic cartilage scaffolds with mechanical adaptability.