Objective Improving the performance of biological fixation interface of artificial joint by fretting mechanical stimulation. Methods Taking the bonding sample of active rat bone tissue and inactive titanium bead coating as the research object, on the homemade fretting mechanical stimulation test device, the effects of mechanical stimulation with different tangential fretting amplitudes on the growth promotion and micro injury of bone tissue at the fixed interface were explored, and the mechanism of promoting growth and micro injury of bone tissue on the surface of titanium bead coating under fretting stimulation was revealed. Results The maximum interface bonding force between bone tissue and titanium bead coating is the mechanical stimulation group of 40 μm fretting amplitude. The tangential Ft-D curves change from elliptic to linear, and the bonding interface is in the adhesion area, which is difficult to loose. The bone tissue has the most complete structure, and the number of tissue cells adhering and growing on the surface of titanium bead coating is the largest, as well as the widest distribution range. With the increase of fretting amplitude, the promoting effect of fretting stimulation on bone growth weakened, the bonding strength between bone tissue and titanium bead coating interface gradually decreased, the internal cavity area increased, the number and proliferation activity of tissue cells decreased to varying degrees as well. Conclusions Fretting stimulation with different amplitudes can promote the growth of bone tissue and cause micro injury at the same time, the optimal fretting amplitude is 40 μm.