Objective Considering the characteristics of gallbladder under healthy and pathological conditions, biomechanical properties of gallbladder wall and hydrodynamic characteristics of bile, as well as the correlation between motor function of gallbladder and genesis of gallstones were studied. Methods The three-dimensional (3D) structure model of gallbladder was constructed by using CT image data. The finite element model was established to simulate the movement of gallbladder and the flow process of bile, so as to analyze the movement mode of gallbladder and its influence on gallstones formation under different fluid-solid coupling conditions. Results Gallbladder motor function was closely related to biomechanical characteristics. Under the same boundary conditions, the flow velocity of calculous bile (1. 1 cm / s) was lower than that of normal bile (2. 3 cm / s). The abnormality of gallbladder motor function would not change the flow pattern of bile, but the change of bile composition would make the flow pattern more tortuous. The maximum stress and maximum deformation of gallbladder with weak motor function were 1. 079 kPa and 0. 931 mm, which were far smaller than the maximum stress (4. 318 kPa) and maximum deformation (3. 725 mm) of healthy gallbladder. In terms of stress, abnormal bile composition did not have much impact on gallbladder. Conclusions When the motor function of gallbladder is damaged and weakened, the contraction will be greatly reduced and gallstones are more likely to occur. The 3D model of gallbladder and analysis of motor function can provide necessary theoretical basis and technical means for surgical treatment of gallstones.