Objective This study aims to investigate the influence of different cell structures on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of porous titanium alloy scaffolds, providing a mechanical theoretical basis for the application of scaffolds in the repair of mandibular bone defects. Methods Porous titanium alloy scaffolds with diamond cell, cubic cell, and cross-sectional cubic cell structures were manufactured using 3D printing technology. Uniaxial compression tests and compression fatigue tests with a serrated wheel were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic mechanical properties of scaffolds with different cell structures. Results The elastic modulus of the diamond cell, cubic cell, and cross-sectional cubic cell scaffolds was 1.17 GPa, 0.322 GPa, and 0.566 GPa, respectively. The yield strength was 71.8 MPa, 31.8 MPa, and 65.1 MPa, respectively. After reaching the stable stage of serrated strain, the serrated strain of the diamond cell, cubic cell, and cross-sectional cubic cell scaffolds was 6.5%, 5.0%, and 4.0%, respectively. The serrated strain increased with an increase in average stress, stress amplitude, and peak hold time, and decreased with an increase in loading rate. Conclusion The evaluation results of static mechanical properties showed that the diamond cell scaffold was the best, followed by the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold, and the cubic cell scaffold was the worst. The evaluation results of dynamic mechanical properties showed that the cross-sectional cubic cell scaffold was the best, followed by the cubic cell scaffold, and the diamond cell scaffold was the worst. The fatigue performance of the scaffold was affected by different loading conditions. The research results provide new ideas for the construction of scaffolds for the repair of mandibular bone defects and experimental basis for the further clinical application of this scaffold technology.