Both Chinese and English abstracts are required for the article. Original articles should adopt the structured abstract including information as applicable for the following headings: Objective, Methods, Results, and Conclusions. The clinical significance of the original research should be indicated in the conclusion part. Invited reviews and review articles should adopt the indicative abstract. The English title, names of all the authors (spelled in Chinese spelling, each letter of the surname capitalized, the initial letter of the name capitalized, separated by comma), their affiliation, city, post code and county name should be listed before the English abstract.